Isaac: Type and Shadow of Christ

Prophecy of Birth

Isaac’s birth was prophesied (Gen. 17:16).

Christ’s birth was prophesied (Isa. 7:14; Luke 1:31).

Miraculous Birth

Isaac was born of aged parents (Gen. 17:17; 18:10–15; 21:1–2).

Christ was miraculously born of a virgin (Luke 1:30–35).

The Son

Genesis 22:1–13 emphasizes that Isaac is a son, calling him “son” eight times and “only son” twice (although Abraham and Hagar already had Ishmael).

Jesus is the “only begotten of the Father” (John 1:14, 18). Both Isaac and Jesus are called “son of promise” (Gal. 4:22–26; Acts 13:32–33).

Burnt Offering

Genesis 22:2–13 uses the expression “burnt offering” six times in referring to the type of sacrifice Isaac was to become.

The burnt offerings of the Old Testament looked forward to Jesus’s sacrifice.

Submission

Isaac willingly submitted to the sacrifice (Gen. 22:6–9).

Jesus Christ willingly submitted to the sacrifice (Luke 22:42).

Carrying of Wood

Isaac bore the wood for his sacrifice (Gen. 22:6).

Christ carried the cross to His sacrifice (John 19:17).

Binding

Abraham bound Isaac to the altar (Gen. 22:9).

Jesus was bound before he was “delivered . . . to Pontius Pilate the governor” (Matt. 27:2).

Substitute Sacrifice

God provided a lamb as a substitute sacrifice for Isaac (Gen. 22:7–8, 13).

Christ the Lamb is the substitute sacrifice for all of us.

Moriah

Isaac traveled to the land of Moriah for sacrifice (Gen. 22:2), the very site where Solomon would build his temple (2 Chr. 3:1) and where thousands of sacrifices would be offered for several centuries.

Christ was crucified on Moriah at Golgotha, a short distance north of the temple altar (John 19:17–18; cf. Lev. 10:10–11).